The Macro Element

3D Macro represents the masonry walls as an assembly of planar macro-elements, based on a model developed by Prof. Ivo Caliò, at the University of Catania. This model simulates the three main failure mechanisms in the wall plane, through the use of a special quadrilateral macro-element. This element also allows for assessment of the interaction between masonry panels and reinforced concrete members. 3D Macro is a compromise between the very complex finite element nonlinear modeling of masonry structures and over simplified approaches such as the “Equivalent Frame” or the POR techniques.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment

The Seismic Assessment module provides vulnerability evaluation of buildings under seismic action. Precisely, this module generates, for each pushover analysis, the data needed for the definition of the elastoplastic SDOF system, equivalent to the global behavior of the building. Subsequently, checks are carried out following the Limit States approach.

Masonry-Concrete Dual Structures

The Dual Structure module allows adding of reinforced concrete members to the masonry model. It includes the following features: